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Wednesday, March 6, 2013
Will Europe Punish Microsoft Sufficiently?
The time is near for Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT) to pay up the fine in the European Union after breaking a deal to offer various browsers in all versions of Windows.?The issue began in late 2009 when Opera Software, the maker of the Opera web-browser, made a complaint to the European Commission
The Commission regulators agreed and forced Microsoft
But Windows 7
Microsoft claimed the lack of the selection prompt was a ?technical error? and due to oversight by an engineering team, but the Commission went ahead with an investigation and filed formal charges against the company in October of last year.
Microsoft
Lande spoke critically of Joaquin Almunia, the Commission?s
Such a move may trivialize the European Commission, leaving Microsoft and other companies to pay little heed to the law in the future.?The announcement of the fine is expected Wednesday and could have a significant impact on the future of corporate cooperation with the European Commission.
Copyright Wall St. Cheat Street. All rights reserved.
Source: http://www.ibtimes.com/will-europe-punish-microsoft-sufficiently-1112715
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Stress hormone foreshadows postpartum depression in new mothers
Tuesday, March 5, 2013
Women who receive strong social support from their families during pregnancy appear to be protected from sharp increases in a particular stress hormone, making them less likely to develop postpartum depression, according to a new study published in Clinical Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
"Now we have some clue as to how support might 'get under the skin' in pregnancy, dampening down a mother's stress hormone, and thereby helping to reduce her risk for postpartum depression," said Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, a UCLA National Institute of Mental Health postdoctoral scholar in psychology and fellow at UCLA's Institute of Society and Genetics, and lead author of the research.
The scientists recruited 210 pregnant women of different ethnicities and socioeconomic backgrounds, surveying them three times during pregnancy ? at 19, 29, and 37 weeks ? and eight weeks after giving birth. The women were asked in interviews about how much support they received from their families and from the father of the child, and about their symptoms of depression. In addition, blood samples from each participant were analyzed to assess levels of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (pCRH), a stress hormone released from the placenta.
After taking factors such as age, education, and income into account, Hahn-Holbrook and her colleagues discovered that pregnant women who reported the greatest support from their families seemed to have relatively lower levels of depressive symptoms. They also had the least dramatic increases in pCRH and the lowest absolute levels of pCRH in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Additional analyses revealed that pCRH levels in the third trimester fully explained the relationship between family support in pregnancy and postpartum depression symptoms.
These results are consistent with the conclusion that social support protects against abnormal pCRH increases and that lower pCRH levels in turn reduce risk of postpartum depression.
"Our results, and those of other scientists, suggest that low or absent support is a significant risk factor for postpartum depression, and that strong support is a protective factor," Hahn-Holbrook said.
Previous research has found that levels of pCRH typically increase during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who exhibit the most dramatic increases in pCRH seem to show the most severe postpartum depression. Research has also shown that social support can dampen biological stress responses in women who are not pregnant. In the new study, Hahn-Holbrook and colleagues integrated these two strands of research, examining the interplay between a psychological factor, social support, and a biological factor, pCRH, in predicting postpartum depression.
"We investigated perceived support ? the extent to which a mother felt she could count on her family and the baby's father should she need them," said Chris Dunkel Schetter, UCLA professor of psychology and co-author of the study. Social support, she added, entails many things, including help with "tasks or material assistance," but also emotional support in the form of acceptance, listening and making someone feel cared for and valued.
"Emotional support seems to be the most powerful form of support that you can provide to someone, but it is difficult to do right," Dunkel Schetter said.
While pregnant women who felt strong support from their families and from the child's father had fewer depressive symptoms, there was no relationship between support from the father and levels of pCRH. Although father support was not as strong of a protective factor as family support in this study, "there is no doubt that fathers are a critical part of a healthy pregnancy," Hahn-Holbrook said. It could be that support from the father influences pCRH levels earlier in pregnancy, or father support may act by a different biological or behavioral pathway altogether, Hahn Holbrook said.
"Mothers with support from fathers may be more likely to practice healthy behaviors, which has been shown to contribute both to healthier babies, better birth outcomes, and lower postpartum disturbance," Dunkel Schetter added.
The study's results suggest that the timing of support interventions is especially important.
"Because levels of pCRH in the last trimester contributed to postpartum depression, early social support interventions might protect against both elevated pCRH and depressive symptoms," Dunkel Schetter said. "Too many interventions in the past have been mounted too late in pregnancy," she added.
More research should be conducted to determine when, what, and how to provide the optimal support to mothers during pregnancy, according to Dunkel Schetter. Her laboratory is conducting further research in this area.
Sharp increases in pCRH over the course of pregnancy are associated with preterm births, defined as births earlier than 37 weeks of gestation. It is possible that social support or other stress reduction methods provided early in pregnancy could provide health benefits, and ultimately for the baby as well.
"Even better, would be to support and educate women before pregnancy to maximize healthy pregnancies" Dunkel Schetter noted.
###
Association for Psychological Science: http://www.psychologicalscience.org
Thanks to Association for Psychological Science for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127132/Stress_hormone_foreshadows_postpartum_depression_in_new_mothers
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'What's in the box?' Samsung video teases Galaxy S 4
Samsung won't let the world "meet the next Galaxy" until March 14, but that's not stopping the company from putting out a video to tease the highly anticipated follow-up to the Galaxy S III smartphone.
The clip doesn't tell us anything we don't already know. It shows a boy ? "Jeremy, the secret messenger of Samsung "? who receives a mysterious box, containing whatever Samsung will announce on March 14.
Considering the big "4" flashed in the videoand Samsung's incredibly consistent naming conventions (not to mention that the press invitation to the March 14 event also prominently features "4"), it's fairly safe to assume that we'll be seeing the company's newest flagship device, the Galaxy S 4.
Otherwise, few guesses can be made about Samsung's next gadget.A poster spotted by AnandTech's Brian Klug during a visit to Samsung's demo room at the Consumer Electronics Show in early January suggests that the Galaxy S 4 could have a 4.99-inch 1080p screen with a whopping 440 pixels per inch. (The iPhone 5 offers merely 326 ppi, but it's worth noting that it's practically impossible for human eyes to tell the difference. After a certain point, the individual pixels simply become indistinguishable.)
SamMobile, a blog focusing on ? you guessed it ? Samsung's mobile devices, points out that an Italian site has published what it claims are benchmarks for the Galaxy S 4. Based on those, the device could have a 1.8GHz processor, 2GB of Ram, and a 13 megapixel camera.
That's about all we know (or think we know) about the Galaxy S 4 for now. Samsung could have plenty of surprises waiting up its sleeves come March 14.
Want more tech news or interesting links? You'll get plenty of both if you keep up with Rosa Golijan, the writer of this post, by following her on Twitter, subscribing to her Facebook posts, or circling her on Google+.
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Tuesday, March 5, 2013
This Antique Machine Measures Irregular Shapes Better Than a Calculus Professor
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Iowa meteorite crater confirmed: USGS airborne surveys back up previous Decorah research
Mar. 5, 2013 ? Recent airborne geophysical surveys near Decorah, Iowa are providing an unprecedented look at a 470- million-year-old meteorite crater concealed beneath bedrock and sediments.
The aerial surveys, a collaboration of the U.S. Geological Survey with the Iowa and Minnesota Geological Surveys, were conducted in the last 60 days to map geologic structures and assess the mineral and water resources of the region.
"Capturing images of an ancient meteorite impact was a huge bonus," said Dr. Paul Bedrosian, a USGS geophysicist in Denver who is leading the effort to model the recently acquired geophysical data. "These findings highlight the range of applications that these geophysical methods can address."
In 2008-09, geologists from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources' (Iowa DNR) Iowa Geological and Water Survey hypothesized what has become known as the Decorah Impact Structure. The scientists examined water well drill-cuttings and recognized a unique shale unit preserved only beneath and near the city of Decorah. The extent of the shale, which was deposited after the impact by an ancient seaway, defines a "nice circular basin" of 5.5 km width, according to Robert McKay, a geologist at the Iowa Geological Survey.
Bevan French, a scientist the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, subsequently identified shocked quartz -- considered strong evidence of an extra-terrestrial impact -- in samples of sub-shale breccia from within the crater.
"The recognition of this buried geological structure was possible because of the collaboration of a local geologist, water well drillers, the USGS STATEMAP program, and the support of the Iowa DNR concerning research on fundamental aspects of Iowa geology," said McKay.
The recent geophysical surveys include an airborne electromagnetic system, which is sensitive to how well rocks conduct electricity, and airborne gravity gradiometry, which measures subtle changes in rock density. The surveys both confirm the earlier work and provide a new view of the Decorah Impact Structure. Models of the electromagnetic data show a crater filled with electrically conductive shale and the underlying breccia, which is rock composed of broken fragments of rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix.
"The shale is an ideal target and provides the electrical contrast that allows us to clearly image the geometry and internal structure of the crater," Bedrosian said.
More analysis of the data will provide additional detail. These data show the impact as a nearly circular region distinct from the surrounding area to a depth of several hundred meters.
"These data, when coupled with physical property measurements on drill core samples, will form the basis for modeling efforts to constrain the impact geometry and energy of the meteorite," said Dr. Andy Kass, a USGS geophysicist working on the effort.
The Iowa and Minnesota airborne geophysical surveys are targeting an igneous intrusion, known as the Northeast Iowa Igneous Intrusive complex, that may be similar to the Duluth layered igneous complex exposed in the Lake Superior region of northern Minnesota. Known copper, nickel, and platinum group metal resources were deposited during the formation of the Duluth complex. Both of these complexes are associated with a large structural feature known as the Midcontinent Rift, which is exposed in the Lake Superior Region but is covered by younger rocks as it extends to the south through Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri.
This geophysical survey is part of a larger USGS effort to evaluate the concealed mineral resource potential of the greater Midcontinent Rift region that formed about 1.1 billion years ago.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/oY9S8f5jrWM/130305100228.htm
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AgriLife Research animal nutritionist: Added enzymes reduce costly bloat losses
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_swbHl17f5M36SrrAx4OJLuWVGHazSp7yYuJsrnLgOAUm32yUqerU2rGHb57KACEgSFDcQ5ilrpoPEYbyEtp4ZAFttL4jmJVAoPiueSNNo=s0-d){kind=small}
Public release date: 4-Mar-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Dr. Bill Pinchak
bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu
940-552-9941
Texas A&M AgriLife Communications
VERNON A Texas A&M AgriLife Research animal nutritionist is trying to decrease the severity of frothy bloat, the major non-pathogenic cause of death and reduced performance in cattle grazing hard red winter wheat in the southern Great Plains.
Dr. Bill Pinchak of Vernon, head of the Bloat Research Project, has spent eight years developing intervention strategies to mitigate direct bloat impacts, while enhancing performance in non-bloated animals.
Pinchak said frothy bloat is a costly disease, with an estimated $40 million negative impact on the beef cattle industry.
The bloat occurs when a polysaccharide biofilm coats the contents of the rumen. When it comes in contact with fluid and rumen contents, the fermentative gases are trapped and the animal is prevented from belching the excess gas, he said.
Previous research has determined condensed plant tannin extracts, ionophores, surfactants and pre-plant nitrogen fertilization effectively mitigate bloat. Tannin extracts and ionophores also improve animal performance.
However, Pinchak said, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration clearance for condensed tannin extract use as a feed additive and ionophores use an antibiotic axis for intervention. So his group has continued to search for and evaluate non-antibioltic alternative technologies to mitigate bloat and improve performance of cattle grazing bloat-prone forages.
Supplemental enzymes, particularly proteases, cellulases, amylases and xylanases, were thought to have bloat intervention potential. Pinchak's group chose to evaluate a multi-enzyme product to determine its mitigation potential for cattle grazing bloat-prone wheat forage.
"Our early studies have shown that a multi-enzyme supplement could decrease the rate and extent of polysaccharide formation, thereby decreasing bloat severity and duration," Pinchak said.
As a part of his group's enzyme research, an in-vitro experiment utilizing rumen fluid from bloated and non-bloated rumen-cannulated steers and four levels of a multi-enzyme product was conducted. In this study, BovaZyme WP by York Ag Products in York, Pa. was the multi-enzyme product used, he said.
The multi-enzyme supplementation to rumen fluid reduced foam strength, time of foam collapse, biofilm and viscosity, Pinchak said.
Subsequently, a grazing experiment was conducted with 65 crossbred heifers in three replicated groups using mineral alone as a control and mineral plus multi-enzyme in supplemented herds, he said.
During the 77-day study, 58 of 65 head, or 89 percent of the cattle, experienced at least one bloat event. The number of head experiencing bloat more than four days was greater in the control set of cattle, more than two extra days, than in the mineral plus multi-enzyme herds.
Conversely, the percentage of cattle experiencing only minor bloat was greater in the mineral plus multi-enzyme set of cattle than in the control herds, 34.7 percent compared to 19.3 percent, respectively.
Collectively, Pinchak said, a multi-enzyme with mineral supplementation decreased the severity and duration of bloat under the grazing conditions of this experiment.
Total gain and average daily gain for the grazing period also was greater for the mineral plus multi-enzyme-supplemented mineral group than for the mineral only control group at 14.8 pounds per head and 0.15 pound per head per day, respectively.
Pinchak said the results from these preliminary experiments show that there is promise for a multi-enzyme supplement added to a complete mineral supplement as a value added bloat-mitigation program. However, he said, further research is warranted over several years to validate the results of this research.
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 4-Mar-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Dr. Bill Pinchak
bpinchak@ag.tamu.edu
940-552-9941
Texas A&M AgriLife Communications
VERNON A Texas A&M AgriLife Research animal nutritionist is trying to decrease the severity of frothy bloat, the major non-pathogenic cause of death and reduced performance in cattle grazing hard red winter wheat in the southern Great Plains.
Dr. Bill Pinchak of Vernon, head of the Bloat Research Project, has spent eight years developing intervention strategies to mitigate direct bloat impacts, while enhancing performance in non-bloated animals.
Pinchak said frothy bloat is a costly disease, with an estimated $40 million negative impact on the beef cattle industry.
The bloat occurs when a polysaccharide biofilm coats the contents of the rumen. When it comes in contact with fluid and rumen contents, the fermentative gases are trapped and the animal is prevented from belching the excess gas, he said.
Previous research has determined condensed plant tannin extracts, ionophores, surfactants and pre-plant nitrogen fertilization effectively mitigate bloat. Tannin extracts and ionophores also improve animal performance.
However, Pinchak said, there is currently no Food and Drug Administration clearance for condensed tannin extract use as a feed additive and ionophores use an antibiotic axis for intervention. So his group has continued to search for and evaluate non-antibioltic alternative technologies to mitigate bloat and improve performance of cattle grazing bloat-prone forages.
Supplemental enzymes, particularly proteases, cellulases, amylases and xylanases, were thought to have bloat intervention potential. Pinchak's group chose to evaluate a multi-enzyme product to determine its mitigation potential for cattle grazing bloat-prone wheat forage.
"Our early studies have shown that a multi-enzyme supplement could decrease the rate and extent of polysaccharide formation, thereby decreasing bloat severity and duration," Pinchak said.
As a part of his group's enzyme research, an in-vitro experiment utilizing rumen fluid from bloated and non-bloated rumen-cannulated steers and four levels of a multi-enzyme product was conducted. In this study, BovaZyme WP by York Ag Products in York, Pa. was the multi-enzyme product used, he said.
The multi-enzyme supplementation to rumen fluid reduced foam strength, time of foam collapse, biofilm and viscosity, Pinchak said.
Subsequently, a grazing experiment was conducted with 65 crossbred heifers in three replicated groups using mineral alone as a control and mineral plus multi-enzyme in supplemented herds, he said.
During the 77-day study, 58 of 65 head, or 89 percent of the cattle, experienced at least one bloat event. The number of head experiencing bloat more than four days was greater in the control set of cattle, more than two extra days, than in the mineral plus multi-enzyme herds.
Conversely, the percentage of cattle experiencing only minor bloat was greater in the mineral plus multi-enzyme set of cattle than in the control herds, 34.7 percent compared to 19.3 percent, respectively.
Collectively, Pinchak said, a multi-enzyme with mineral supplementation decreased the severity and duration of bloat under the grazing conditions of this experiment.
Total gain and average daily gain for the grazing period also was greater for the mineral plus multi-enzyme-supplemented mineral group than for the mineral only control group at 14.8 pounds per head and 0.15 pound per head per day, respectively.
Pinchak said the results from these preliminary experiments show that there is promise for a multi-enzyme supplement added to a complete mineral supplement as a value added bloat-mitigation program. However, he said, further research is warranted over several years to validate the results of this research.
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/taac-ara030413.php
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