Correlation between changes in groundwater levels and surface deformation from GPS measurements in the San Gabriel Valley, California

Abstract

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 39, L01301, 4 PP., 2012
doi:10.1029/2011GL050195

Correlation between changes in groundwater levels and surface deformation from GPS measurements in the San Gabriel Valley, California

Correlation between changes in groundwater levels and surface deformation from GPS measurements in the San Gabriel Valley, California

Key Points

• Surface deformation and groundwater level changes are highly correlated
• Principal axes allow heterogeneity and anisotropy of surface deformation field
• The projection method can be a real-time monitoring system for deformation

Kang Hyeun Ji

Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,, Cambridge, Massachusetts,, USA

Thomas A. Herring

Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,, Cambridge, Massachusetts,, USA

Changes in groundwater levels cause water-bearing basins to deform. Here we provide a detailed history of horizontal surface displacements in the San Gabriel Valley, California, which we show are highly correlated with the water level changes measured at a nearby well: correlation coefficient of 0.96 ? 0.01. We use the surface response from a one year period during which water level change in the nearby well was over 16?m, to monitor the deformations over a 14?year period from 1998 to 2011. The water level changes lead surface deformation by 21?days, but the significance of the offset is only weakly supported (p-value = 0.129). The projection method can be used as a real-time monitoring or detection system for deformation caused by a variety of mechanisms such as fluid injection and removal (groundwater development, oil production, carbon sequestration), and by seismic and volcanic activity.

/journals/gl/gl1201/2011GL050195/

Received 30 October 2011; accepted 30 November 2011; published 5 January 2012.

Citation: Ji, K. H. and T. A. Herring (2012), Correlation between changes in groundwater levels and surface deformation from GPS measurements in the San Gabriel Valley, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L01301, doi:10.1029/2011GL050195.

Source: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050195

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Earthquakes prompt record insurance claims in 2011 | MNN ...

Insurance industry damage claims from natural disasters like the earthquakes in Japan and New Zealand reached a record $105 billion in 2011, said Munich Re, the world's biggest reinsurer.

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The cost to insurers from the earthquake and tsunami in Japan in March, which caused nearly 16,000 deaths, was estimated at $35-$40 billion, the company said on Wednesday in a review of last year's natural disasters.

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An earthquake in New Zealand in February added a further $13 billion to insurers' claims payout for the year, Munich Re said.

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The earthquakes together made up about half of last year's total insured losses from natural catastrophes, which topped the previous record of $101 billion set in 2005, when Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans.

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"Normally, it is the weather-related natural catastrophes that are the dominant loss drivers," Munich Re said.

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Despite the heavy payouts, many observers say that the claims were not big enough on their own to provide a broad boost to reinsurers' pricing strength relative to their insurance company clients because reinsurers still have plenty of excess capital.

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Total economic losses last year, including those not covered by insurance, totaled $380 billion, the reinsurer said, thus also topping the previous record of $220 billion set in 2005.

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Munich Re's figures differ somewhat from those of rival Swiss Re published last month, which include man-made disasters in the calculation.

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(Reporting by Jonathan Gould; Editing by Hans-Juergen Peters)

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Source: http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/stories/earthquakes-prompt-record-insurance-claims-in-2011

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Microbes Make Some People Smell Delicious To Mosquitoes

60-Second Science | More Science

Mosquitoes prefer the smell of skin with more abundant--but less diverse--bacterial communities. Sophie Bushwick reports.

January 3, 2012

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Ever wondered why mosquitoes eat some people up but leave others relatively unscathed? A new study finds that this preferential treatment is due to the smells produced by the microscopic critters that cover our bodies. The research is in the journal Public Library of Science ONE. [Niels O. Verhulst et al, Composition of Human Skin Microbiota Affects Attractiveness to Malaria Mosquitoes]

To a mosquito, every human has a particular smell. And the differences are due in part to the particular bacteria on each individual?s skin.

The study tested the malaria-transmitting Anopheles gambiae mosquito?s attraction to the odors of 50 adult men. The participants avoided items, such as garlic, that would change their natural smell.

Researchers collected the male scents by rubbing glass beads on the bottom of each participant?s foot, and swabbed the same skin for microbes. And they discovered that mosquitoes preferred the smell of skin with more abundant?but less diverse?bacterial communities.

The scientists suggest that the diverse communities may include some microbes that produce compounds mosquitoes naturally dislike. If further research can identify these compounds, it could lead to the development of repellents to make bloodthirsty mosquitoes buzz off.

?Sophie Bushwick

[The above text is a transcript of this podcast]
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Groups Establish Pediatric Cancer Research Award

Two non-profit groups are pairing up to address a lack of funding for pediatric cancer research, creating a new award designed to recruit top young minds to research childhood cancers.

The New York-based Sohn Conference Foundation has granted $1.5 million to Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, also in the city, to establish the Damon Runyon-Sohn Pediatric Cancer Fellowship Award.

Mike Bamford (R), 17, reunites with staff at The Children's Hospital when he came in for treatment before going to a prom organised by The Children's Hospital for cancer patients, in Denver June 8, 2010. (Rick Wilking/Reuters)

Mike Bamford (R), 17, reunites with staff at The Children's Hospital when he came in for treatment before going to a prom organised by The Children's Hospital for cancer patients, in Denver June 8, 2010. (Rick Wilking/Reuters)

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The prize which will provide funding to scientists and clinicians who conduct research with the potential to significantly impact the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of pediatric cancers.

"As in the technology world, where transformative innovation most often comes from young minds, the most brilliant and audacious young scientists drive breakthroughs in biomedical research. We are confident that by getting them to focus on childhood cancers, we can cure children and prevent the long-term side effects that result from today's treatments," said Lorraine Egan, President and Chief Executive Officer of Damon Runyon.

Pediatric cancer research accounts for just four percent of the National Cancer Institute?s budget, notes the partnership.

After a national call for proposals, a selection committee chaired by William Carroll, MD, Director of the New York University Cancer Institute will pick the award recipients.?

Source: http://www.medicaldaily.com/news/20120105/8610/pediatric-children-cancer-research-funding-national-cancer-institute-damon-runyon-cancer-resea.htm

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CU Buffs' 2012 football season not as daunting as last year's

BOULDER?? During his first season as Colorado's football coach, Jon Embree had to play one of the toughest schedules in the country. Thirteen games, only five at Folsom Field, and no bye week for the Buffaloes.

CU's 2012 schedule, announced Wednesday, is less daunting. Six of the 12 games will be played at Folsom Field, and the Buffs get a bye week. Counting their Sept. 1 season opener against Colorado State in Denver, the Buffs will play seven games on the Front Range.

CU will start the season with three consecutive nonconference games. After playing CSU, the Buffs will host Sacramento State and play at Fresno State. CU's nine-game Pac-12 schedule includes five home games, all against 2011 bowl teams (UCLA, Arizona State, Stanford, Washington and Utah). The Buffs' conference opener is Sept. 22 at Washington State. They also will play road games against Southern California, Oregon and Arizona.

Pac-12 members California and Oregon State aren't on CU's schedule this year.

? Read the full story at buffzone.com.

Source: http://feeds.denverpost.com/~r/dp-sports/~3/zu2nDz1VKes/ci_19677159

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In YouTube video, Casey Anthony makes no mention of daughter (Reuters)

ORLANDO, Fla (Reuters) ? A YouTube video going viral on Thursday appears to show Casey Anthony speaking out about her life for the first time since she was found not guilty last summer of killing her daughter Caylee in Florida.

"It's just a little surreal how much things have changed since July and how many things haven't changed," said Anthony, 25, in the four-minute recording that she described as the first installment of her video diary.

"But the good thing is that things are starting to look up and things are starting to change in a good way. I just hope they stay, things stay good and they only get better."

Calls and email requests to several of Anthony's lawyers to confirm her identity on the YouTube video were not immediately returned. NBC News and People magazine reported Thursday that unnamed sources had confirmed the woman was Anthony.

In the video, which Anthony said was recorded in October, she sports a short, blond hairstyle and black-framed glasses, a different look from her long, brunette hair at trial.

She is sitting in an office chair in a plain paneled room with Venetian blinds, giving no indication of her whereabouts, which have been kept secret by the court for her safety while she serves a one-year probation on check fraud charges.

Anthony never mentions her high-profile trial or her 2-year-old daughter Caylee, who prosecutors said was dead for a month before Anthony told anyone that the toddler was missing in 2008.

Anthony was acquitted by a jury in Orlando of a first-degree murder charge. She is appealing her convictions on four counts of lying to detectives about what happened to Caylee.

In the video, Anthony said she adopted a dog and bought herself a computer. After spending more than two years in jail awaiting her trial, she expresses joy in her new possessions.

"It's been a long time since I've been able to call something mine," she said.

Anthony talks about the possibility of getting off probation early in time for her birthday in March and about her solitary life being enriched by the ability to speak on camera.

"This has just been a such blessing in so many ways that now I have someone to talk to when I'm by myself so I'm not bothering the poor dog that I've adopted, that I love," she said.

(Editing by Colleen Jenkins and Peter Bohan)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/crime/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120105/us_nm/us_crime_anthony

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